Environment

Overtourism as vulnerability: Bali and the COVID-19 ‘reset’

Up until the COVID-19 border closures, the small Indonesian island destination of Bali received approximately 17,000 foreign tourists a day. [1] Even with setbacks including 2 high profile terrorist attacks in 2002 and 2005, and the Boxing day Tsunami in 2004, Bali has consistently continued to attract visitors on mass (around 3.5 million international tourists and 7.3 million domestic tourists in 2018) making the industry’s estimated contribution to the island’s overall economy somewhere around 60-70%. [2] Governmental changes to provide 84 countries with Visa-free entry, which included their largest tourist market, Australia, was expected to create an upsurge in visitation in the years that followed. [3]